Elements of Schwartz’s Model in the WVS: How Do They Relate to Other Cultural Models?

Recently Kaasa (2021) has developed a Cultural Models Synthesis Scheme (CMSS) merging together the cultural models of Hofstede, Schwartz and Inglehart. However, this theoretical framework still needs to be complemented by an empirical analysis. This exploratory study focuses on Schwartz’s model using ten-item battery in World Values Survey (WVS) inspired his questionnaire. We empirically position items into CMSS means Minkov (2022) that already includes Inglehart’s dimensions Minkov’s (2018) revision Hofstede’s model. The results support placements CMSS. also show serious inconsistencies contradictions regarding keywords associated some dimensions. highlight need careful about which question wordings capture core those consider accuracy names dimension. previously with particular pole mastery versus harmony hierarchy egalitarianism, might, fact, tap aspects opposite pole. propose term ‘conformity’ instead ‘harmony’. conclude from these insights cross-mapping different is exercise significant intellectual payoff.